Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity

Watch Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity

  • 2013
  • 1 Season

Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity is a fascinating educational series that explores the history of writing and its evolution from its earliest forms in ancient civilizations to modernity. This informative course is presented by Dr. Marc Zender, a renowned expert in ancient writing systems and languages.

The Great Courses’s Writing and Civilization series consists of a whopping 36 lectures, with each lecture lasting approximately 30 minutes. These lectures are divided into six different sections, each exploring a different era in the history of writing.

In the first section of this series, Dr. Zender takes viewers back to the origins of writing in ancient Sumeria, Egypt, and China. He provides an in-depth look at how early writing systems developed in these civilizations and the various materials that were used for writing during this time. He also explains how these early scripts represented their respective cultures' unique ideas, stories, and beliefs.

The next section of the series explores the development of writing during the classical age of Greece and Rome. In this section, viewers will learn how the ancient Greeks and Romans refined their writing systems, created new scripts, and even used writing as a tool for political power.

The third section of Writing and Civilization focuses on the Middle Ages, a period of immense innovation in the field of writing. During this era, writing transformed from a means of communication to a form of art. Viewers will learn about the rise of illuminated manuscripts, the development of Gothic script, and the importance of writing in religious texts.

The fourth section of the course delves into the Renaissance, where writing became a vehicle for expression and intellectual exploration. Dr. Zender examines the importance of printing technology and its impact on the dissemination of knowledge, as well as the transformation of handwriting into a system of artistic expression.

In the fifth section, titled “Colonialism and Conquest,” the Writing and Civilization series looks at how writing was used as a tool of power and oppression during the Age of Exploration. Dr. Zender discusses the role of writing in colonization and the ways in which it was used to subjugate and dominate populations across the world.

Finally, the course concludes with a look at writing in the modern era. Here, Dr. Zender examines the evolution of writing technologies over the past century, from the rise of typewriters to the current digital age. He also discusses the impact of globalization on writing, language, and communication.

Throughout the series, Dr. Zender engages viewers with thoughtful commentary, fascinating stories, and examples of writing from a wide array of sources. He provides an honest accounting of the history of writing, including its role in colonialism and slavery, while also highlighting its immense impact on human culture and knowledge throughout history.

Overall, Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity is an enlightening and comprehensive overview of the history of writing, perfect for anyone interested in language, history, or culture. From the origins of early writing systems to modern digital communication, this series provides an excellent foundation for understanding the vital role writing has played in human history.

Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity is a series that ran for 1 seasons (24 episodes) between September 27, 2013 and on The Great Courses

Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity
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Seasons
The Future of Writing
24. The Future of Writing
September 27, 2013
Will typing replace handwriting? Will e-books make printed books obsolete? Will speech-to-text software replace our need to physically write at all? Join Professor Zender as he speculates about the future of writing based on past developments, from the invention of movable type to new signs and spelling conventions inspired by the QWERTY keyboard.
Medium and Message
23. Medium and Message
September 27, 2013
Whether on papyrus, bamboo, clay, stone, or wood, writing shows an important relationship between medium and message. Explore the influence media have had on writing's shape, direction, and use by delving into the origins of terms used for writing implements, the process for making papyrus, the phasing out of scrolls by codices, and more.
Han'gul, Tengwar, and Other Featural Scripts
22. Han'gul, Tengwar, and Other Featural Scripts
September 27, 2013
Move from writing systems that developed over time to scripts that were deliberately designed by an individual or group, often for use as a universal system. See how these "featural" writing systems betray their intentional design through an examination of examples including Korean Han'gul, Lodwick's Universall Alphabet, and J. R. R. Tolkien's Tengwar and Certar.
Etruscan and Meroïtic--Undeciphered Scripts
21. Etruscan and Meroïtic--Undeciphered Scripts
September 27, 2013
Despite decades of effort by many qualified epigraphers, there are still dozens of undeciphered scripts. Turn to the failures of decipherment and the lessons that can be drawn from them by focusing on the attempted decipherment of two scripts--Etruscan and Meroïtic--which recorded languages with no known relatives or descendants.
Aztec Hieroglyphs--A Recent Decipherment
20. Aztec Hieroglyphs--A Recent Decipherment
September 27, 2013
Complex views of Aztec civilization are too often replaced with a one-note narrative that focuses only on the practice of human sacrifice. Look more closely at the system Aztecs invented to write their Nahuatl language, which is still spoken by more than one million modern Mexicans in the form of about a dozen regional dialects.
What Do the Mayan Glyphs Say?
19. What Do the Mayan Glyphs Say?
September 27, 2013
How can the strikingly similar structural features of the Mayan and ancient Egyptian writing systems be explained? Continue your exploration of how Mayan writing works through a comparison with Egyptian hieroglyphs. Then find out what scholars have learned about ancient Maya civilization from decipherment, and examine a series of fascinating--and even humorous--inscriptions.
Mayan Glyphs--A New World Logosyllabary
18. Mayan Glyphs--A New World Logosyllabary
September 27, 2013
Investigate whether the features of Old World scripts such as Chinese and Japanese, Egyptian hieroglyphs, cuneiform, and Linear B apply to the unrelated scripts of the New World. Focus specifically on Yuri Knorosov's decipherment of Mayan hieroglyphic writing and how living in Cold War Russia both helped and hindered his work.
Mycenaean Linear B--An Aegean Syllabary
17. Mycenaean Linear B--An Aegean Syllabary
September 27, 2013
How did the decipherment of Linear B change perceptions of ancient Aegean civilization? Why are epigraphers still perplexed by many Linear B spellings? Wade into the discovery, decipherment, and contents of this intriguing ancient writing system--Europe's earliest attempt at writing--and measure it against what you've learned about decipherment of Egyptian and cuneiform scripts.
What Does Cuneiform Say?
16. What Does Cuneiform Say?
September 27, 2013
See how scholars revealed a lost world of language and literature when they expanded upon Grotefend's breakthroughs by relating Old Persian to the ancient cuneiform scripts that preceded it. Next, trace the development of writing through 3,500 years of Mesopotamian history, and consider what ancient texts such as The Epic of Gilgamesh can teach us about ancient cultures of this region.
Old Persian--Cuneiform Deciphered
15. Old Persian--Cuneiform Deciphered
September 27, 2013
Meet Georg Grotefend, a German high school teacher who made an incomparable contribution to the study of ancient writing and civilization. As you investigate the methods he used to decipher Old Persian cuneiform in the Achaemenid texts of Persepolis, delve into a bit of history on this culture's language and the foundation that was already established for the decipherment.
What Do Egyptian Hieroglyphs Say?
14. What Do Egyptian Hieroglyphs Say?
September 27, 2013
Join Professor Zender as he reads hieroglyphs that Champollion's efforts helped to recover from oblivion, and see how you too can learn to decipher this blend of phonetic signs, logograms, and semantic signs. Also, consider the interaction of Egyptian writing and culture, including how the practice of damnatio memoriae was used to strike names from official records.
Egyptian--The First Great Decipherment
13. Egyptian--The First Great Decipherment
September 27, 2013
Before Jean-Francois Champollion deciphered hieroglyphic writing in 1822, no one had been able to read a word of Egyptian. Why were Egyptian history and its ancient language and writing system forgotten? How did early attempts at decipherment go astray? Get the answers here as you learn what clues led Champollion to success.
Bilinguals, Biscripts, and Other Constraints
12. Bilinguals, Biscripts, and Other Constraints
September 27, 2013
Napoleon's expedition to Egypt is most celebrated for its discovery of the Rosetta stone, which contains ancient Greek writing, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and demotic script. Consider this icon of decipherment as the first and most famous example of a biscript, and discover just how common such artifacts are around the world.
Proper Nouns and Cultural Context
11. Proper Nouns and Cultural Context
September 27, 2013
As you consider the fourth pillar of decipherment, cultural context, see how most epigraphers' efforts begin with the recognition of proper nouns. Then meet the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, and learn how he became the source of much of our information for the cultural context of Old World writing systems.
The History of Language
10. The History of Language
September 27, 2013
Investigate the importance of language, the third pillar of decipherment, by starting with the story of the decipherment of ancient Sumerian, the language of ancient Mesopotamia. Learn how scholars known as philologists or historical linguists use the comparative method of linguistic reconstruction to compare related languages and reconstruct their shared ancestor.
Epigraphic Illustration
9. Epigraphic Illustration
September 27, 2013
As you turn to the second pillar of decipherment--the body of texts available for study--consider how epigraphers find a broad, accurate, and readily accessible corpus to examine. Walk through methods for recording inscriptions, and contrast early and modern illustrations of the Classic Maya site of Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico, to see the evolution of epigraphic illustration.
The Five Pillars of Decipherment
8. The Five Pillars of Decipherment
September 27, 2013
First, get an introduction to the five preconditions or "pillars" necessary for decipherment to be possible, paying particular attention to the first pillar, known as script type. Then turn to the typology of the three main categories of signs found across the world--logograms, phonograms, and semantic signs--and consider how these signs are combined in different writing systems.
What Is Decipherment?
7. What Is Decipherment?
September 27, 2013
The earliest writing systems are known to us only through the efforts of archaeological decipherment. But how can archaeologists be certain that the knowledge is accurate? Learn a bit of history on cryptography and the differences between decipherers and code-breakers as you examine the theory and methodology of decipherment, as well as the evidence it considers.
Japanese--The World's Most Complex Script
6. Japanese--The World's Most Complex Script
September 27, 2013
Borrowed and adapted from the Chinese, Japanese writing is the most complicated script ever devised, yet it's used by more than 100 million people daily. Investigate how and why Japanese writing took on the complex form it has today, why attempts to simplify it have had little success, and why it's unlikely the system will ever be abandoned.
Chinese--A Logosyllabic Script
5. Chinese--A Logosyllabic Script
September 27, 2013
In continuous use for almost 3,400 years, the Chinese script and its derivatives are used by more than 1.5 billon people around the world. Examine popular myths about Chinese writing as you discover the earliest origins and evolutions of Chinese characters (known as Hanzi), and differentiate between the five sign groups found in Chinese.
The Fuþark--A Germanic Alphabet
4. The Fuþark--A Germanic Alphabet
September 27, 2013
Runes are often mistakenly thought to be a semimagical system of signs used for divination and ritual, but nothing could be further from the truth. Look at the real history of the Runic alphabet--also known as the Fuþark --as a case study for why writing systems rise and fall.
Where Did Our Alphabet Come From?
3. Where Did Our Alphabet Come From?
September 27, 2013
Most alphabets in use today are derived from one script developed over 4,000 years ago. What accounts for the vast popularity of the Roman or Latin alphabet? This lecture takes you back to ancient Egypt as you investigate the origin of our alphabet and the contributions made to it by the Canaanites.
The Origins and Development of Writing
2. The Origins and Development of Writing
September 27, 2013
Now that you understand the significance of writing, explore three popular beliefs or myths about where writing comes from and how it developed. Investigate the theories of monogenesis versus polygenesis--whether writing was only invented once or independently in locations around the world--and the reasons writing systems are resistant to change.
What Is Writing?
1. What Is Writing?
September 27, 2013
It has been said that writing exists only in a civilization and a civilization cannot exist without writing, but is that accurate? Consider the validity of this statement and examine several of the critical functions that writing has served during the past 5,000 years. Also, get an introduction to pictography and its limitations.
Description
Where to Watch Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity
Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity is available for streaming on the The Great Courses website, both individual episodes and full seasons. You can also watch Writing and Civilization: From Ancient Worlds to Modernity on demand at Apple TV Channels, Amazon Prime, Amazon and Hoopla.
  • Premiere Date
    September 27, 2013