Ep 10. Secrets of the Parthenon

In "Secrets of the Parthenon," NOVA explores the astonishing engineering feats behind one of the world's most iconic buildings. The Parthenon in Athens, Greece, built over 2,500 years ago, has withstood wars, earthquakes, and time. But how did the ancient Greeks build such a massive, perfectly proportioned temple, and what secrets does it still harbor?

In this episode, NOVA enlists a team of archaeologists, engineers, and architects to uncover the hidden techniques and materials that went into the construction of the Parthenon. The team uses cutting-edge technology to examine the building's stones at a microscopic level, revealing a surprising amount of precision and craftsmanship in the ancient masonry. They also study the temple's unique architectural design, from its towering columns to its sloping roof, and explore how the Greeks used sophisticated mathematical and geometric principles to achieve such perfection.

But the Parthenon is not just a testament to the ancient Greeks' engineering prowess. It's also a symbol of their culture, politics, and mythology. NOVA delves into the mythology behind the temple's frieze, which depicts a battle between the gods and the Titans, and its metopes, which show scenes from the Trojan War. These sculptures were not just for decoration, but served as a propaganda tool for the Athenian people, portraying them as the chosen people of the gods and commemorating their military victories. The team also examines the Parthenon's role in Athenian democracy, as it served as the city's treasury and a place to display its wealth and power.

But the Parthenon is not without its controversies. NOVA investigates the ongoing debates over who has the right to claim ownership of the temple's treasures, including the Elgin Marbles, which were taken from the Parthenon by the British in the 19th century and have been housed in the British Museum ever since. The team explores the ethical and legal implications of the repatriation of these objects to Greece, and the role that nationalism and cultural heritage play in the debate.

Overall, "Secrets of the Parthenon" showcases the lasting impact of the ancient Greeks on architecture, engineering, and culture, as well as the ongoing relevance of these debates in modern society. NOVA's exploration of this iconic building offers a fascinating glimpse into the past while also raising important questions about our relationship to history, identity, and ownership.