Ep 18. America Before Columbus

In National Geographic Documentaries season 2009 episode 18, titled "America Before Columbus," viewers are taken on a journey through time to explore the history of the Americas before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492.

The episode begins by examining the widely held belief that Columbus was the first person to set foot on American soil, and challenges this belief by presenting evidence of human presence in the Americas dating back to at least 15,000 years ago. Through interviews with leading archaeologists and historians, the episode explores the various theories about how these early inhabitants arrived in the Americas, and how they adapted to the diverse environments they encountered.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the episode is its focus on the complex societies that existed in the Americas prior to European contact. The episode explores the ancient city of Cahokia, located near present-day St. Louis, which was one of the largest cities in the world during its heyday in the 11th century. Viewers are taken on a tour of the city's impressive mounds and temples, and learn about the sophisticated social, economic, and religious systems that existed within its walls.

The episode also examines the impressive agricultural systems developed by Native American cultures, including the intensive farming techniques used by the Maya and Aztecs. Through interviews with experts and stunning visualizations, viewers learn about the intricate irrigation systems, terracing methods, and crop management techniques used by these ancient farmers.

Another major focus of the episode is the impact of European contact on the Americas. Viewers learn about the devastating effects of diseases like smallpox and influenza, which wiped out entire communities and had a profound impact on the social, economic, and political structures of the Americas. The episode also explores the role of Native Americans in the early European colonial period, and the ways in which their interactions with European explorers and colonizers shaped the future of the Americas.

Overall, "America Before Columbus" is a fascinating exploration of the history of the Americas before European contact. Through stunning cinematography, expert interviews, and captivating storytelling, the episode offers a rich and nuanced view of the complex societies, cultures, and landscapes that existed in the Americas for thousands of years before Columbus.