Ep 13. Iceland

In season 1 episode 13 of How the Earth Was Made, viewers are taken on a journey to explore the unique geological formation of Iceland. From the underwater volcanoes off the coast to the glaciers covering much of the island, this episode delves into the incredible natural forces that have shaped this remote nation.

The episode starts with an introduction to the non-stop volcanic activity that characterizes Iceland. The island sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an active tectonic boundary that splits the Atlantic Ocean in two. Here, magma rises from deep within the Earth and erupts onto the surface, creating new land as it cools. Iceland is one of the few places on Earth where we can see this process in action.

The first stop on the journey is the Reykjanes Peninsula, a rugged landscape of black lava fields, hot springs, and geysers. The team explains how this area was formed by a series of volcanic eruptions that began around 700,000 years ago. Over time, lava flows spread out and filled in the gaps between them, creating the flat plateau that we see today.

Next, the team heads to the southwest coast of Iceland to witness the incredible power of the ocean. Here, huge waves crash against the cliffs, carving out sea caves and arches in the volcanic rock. This coastline is also home to one of Iceland's most famous landmarks: the Reynisdrangar sea stacks, two towering columns of basalt that rise up from the waves.

The focus then shifts to the Vatnajökull Glacier, the largest ice cap in Europe. Beneath this frozen expanse lies a world of fire and ice - a system of active volcanoes that have erupted repeatedly over the past few thousand years. The team explores the impact that these eruptions have had on the glacier, from the creation of giant ice caves to the release of enormous floods of melted water.

Finally, the episode explores the incredible biodiversity of Iceland. Despite its harsh climate and rugged terrain, this island is home to a variety of unique species, from Arctic foxes to puffins. The team shows how these animals have adapted to their environment, and how Iceland's volcanoes have created fertile soil that supports rich vegetation.

Throughout the episode, viewers are treated to stunning visuals of Iceland's landscape, from bubbling hot springs to towering waterfalls. The team's expert commentary helps to bring this incredible geological story to life, explaining how volcanic activity and tectonic movement have shaped this unique island nation. If you're a fan of nature documentaries or simply fascinated by the natural world, this episode is not to be missed.