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Seasons
23. The Crusades and the Course of History, Part 1
June 20, 2024
Conclude the course with two lectures highlighting the long-term impact and repercussions of the Crusades. Here, track the declining fortunes of the Byzantine Empire, as it attempted to bolster itself against crusading from the West and to regain lost territories. Grasp how the Fourth Crusade and its legacy contributed to the fall of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottomans.
22. Crusade and Mission
June 20, 2024
During the crusades, the relationship between crusading and proselytizing the faith was much debated. Examine the currents of thought that considered the violence of crusading antithetical to missionary work, and those that thought it complementary. Learn about the pioneers of Christian missionary work in the Islamic world, and how discord regarding crusading and missionary work coalesced.
21. Cultural Contact and Exchange
June 20, 2024
The presence of crusaders in the Eastern Mediterranean gave rise to new points of contact between the Islamic world and the Christian West. See how persistent Muslim military power spurred an interest in the West to understand Islam, overturning longtime misconceptions. Witness the impact of Islamic culture on European scholarship, as well as on language, technologies, trade, and more.
20. Life in the Crusader East
June 20, 2024
Discover how Christian settlers in the crusader states forged a new identity. Observe the settlers
19. War and Travel
June 20, 2024
Crusaders faced numerous challenges in carrying out their vows. Look first at the preparations for going on crusade, from raising financial resources to settling one
18. The Crusades and Their Critics
June 20, 2024
Throughout the course of the crusades, crusading and individual crusades came under critical attack from many voices. Review the variety of moral, practical, and political criticism leveled at crusading, and assess the impact of its critics on the activity of crusading. Witness how mounting criticism of the religious-military orders contributed to the suppression and eradication of the Templars.
17. The Fall
June 20, 2024
Investigate the factors that made the crusader states increasingly vulnerable during the 13th century. Then, follow the sequential fall of the states, beginning with Antioch and Tripoli. Finally, study the 1291 demise of Acre and Tyre, the remaining territories of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Learn about the subsequent era of the crusading treatise, writings that envisioned future crusades.
16. The Hohenstaufen and Shepherds
June 20, 2024
In the mid-13th century, further crusades unfolded within Europe. Follow the crusades against the Hohenstaufen rulers of Germany, seen by the papacy as political enemies, and culminating with the overthrow of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. Then, uncover the events of the two Shepherds
15. Louis IX
June 20, 2024
Louis IX of France, later canonized, led both the Seventh and Eighth Crusades. Learn about the massive planning for the Seventh Crusade, and witness its ill-fated campaign within Egypt, ending with the king and his army being taking prisoner. Then, trace the Eighth Crusade and its ineffectual effort to conquer of Tunis, the death of Louis IX, and the crusade
14. Fifth and Sixth Crusades
June 20, 2024
Delve into the fraught events of the Fifth Crusade, called by a 1213 papal bull and aimed at attacking Egypt. In the ensuing siege of Damietta, unpack the negotiations between the crusaders and the Egyptian sultan, and the ultimate resounding defeat of the crusading army. Then study the Sixth Crusade of 1227, and its short-lived retaking of Jerusalem under highly unusual circumstances.
13. The Children
June 20, 2024
Encounter the Cathars, a European religious sect accused by Catholics of heresy, leading to the 20-year Albigensian Crusade against them. Investigate Cathar beliefs and practices and visualize the crusade as it transformed southern France. Also, examine the Children
11. Crusades in Spain
June 20, 2024
Crusading extended into Spain as early as the First Crusade. Learn about Muslim presence on the Iberian Peninsula, and how the Christian capture of Muslim kingdoms was justified as re-conquest and given crusade status by popes. Grasp how crusades in Spain complicated crusading in the Holy Land. Witness the campaign to end Islamic rule in Spain, and the ultimate expulsion of Jews and Muslims.
9. The Third Crusade
June 20, 2024
The fall of Jerusalem resulted in the Third Crusade, led by the kings of France, England, and Germany. Relive the unfolding of the conflict, in which Richard Lionheart of England emerged as the de facto leader. Explore the interactions and mutual esteem between Richard and Saladin, and the fortunes of the Crusade, leaving the Kingdom of Jerusalem in crusader hands but without the city itself.
8. Saladin
June 20, 2024
Take the measure of Saladin, the legendary Muslim military leader renowned for his fairmindedness and generosity in times of war. Trace his unusual and improbable rise to power, culminating in his roles as Vizier of Egypt and ruler of Syrian territories. Learn about his long-held dream of driving the Franks from the Holy Land, and his ultimate conquest and capture of Jerusalem.
7. The Second Crusade
June 20, 2024
Relive the launching of the Second Crusade, triggered by the loss of Edessa and led by the kings of France and Germany. Follow the disjointed path of crusaders toward Jerusalem, leading to their ill-fated siege of Damascus and the disintegration of the Crusade. Examine the struggle of Westerners to come to terms with the Crusade
6. Defending the Crusader States, 1099
June 20, 2024
The First Crusade saw the founding of the crusader kingdoms of Jerusalem, Antioch, and the counties of Edessa and Tripoli. Trace the surprising alliances made to better defend crusader territories. Witness the debacle of the first European attempt to reinforce the crusader states, and the shifting alliances and conflicts that led to the fall of Edessa.
5. The Rise of the Templars
June 20, 2024
Enter the world of the Templars and the Hospitallers, Christian religious-military orders with an important presence in the crusader kingdoms. Grasp how these new orders created an unusual fusion of the features of knighthood with those of monasticism. Learn about their networks of support, their functions during the Crusades, and the challenges they posed to the crusaders and local rulers.
4. The First Crusade and Conquest of Jerusalem
June 20, 2024
Follow the dramatic unfolding of the First Crusade, beginning with the Popular Crusade, comprising common people inspired by notions of an apocalyptic confrontation, and leading to a disastrous campaign against the Turks. Then, trace the Barons
3. Before the Crusades
June 20, 2024
Witness how the migration of Turks into Islamic and Byzantine lands set in motion the events that led to the Crusades. Study the geopolitical factors within the Byzantine Empire that led the emperor to call on the papacy for military aid. Learn about Pope Urban II
1. What Were the Crusades?
June 20, 2024
Consider the spirit of the Crusades, as they melded the medieval conception of pilgrimage with that of holy war. Examine the idea of plenary indulgence, the remission of penalties due to sin, and the notion of avoiding Purgatory, both of which were understood as spiritual rewards for going on Crusade. Learn about the history of pilgrimage and holy war within Christianity before the Crusades.
Description
In How the Crusades Changed History, you'll assess the Crusades' history and legacy, as you study the events of the eight crusades; track the history of the four crusader kingdoms; witness how crusading turned inward to the European interior; and observe how the Crusades unwittingly facilitated the rise of the Ottomans and weakened the foundations of Catholicism.
How the Crusades Changed History is a series that ran for 1 seasons (20 episodes) between June 20, 2024 and on The Great Courses
Where to Watch How the Crusades Changed History
How the Crusades Changed History is available for streaming on the The Great Courses website, both individual episodes and full seasons. You can also watch How the Crusades Changed History on demand at Apple TV Channels and Amazon Prime and Amazon.
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Channel
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Premiere DateJune 20, 2024
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