Documentaries do just what their name implies. They document real stories without dramatizing or fictionalizing the details of the story. Documentaries may get creative with their subject matter.
Documentaries subjects can be anything. They can be cultural, scientific, historical, biographical. As long as a film tells a story but isn't fictional, it fits into the documentary category.
Popular sub-genres of documentaries include nature documentaries, historical documentaries, and true crime documentaries.